Agency Structure Essay - 1227 Words

Agency Structure The purpose of this paper is to provide the functional federal budget classifications for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Coast Guard, and U.S. Secret Service and identify each agency as an executive department or independent agency. Furthermore, provide the appropriate subcommittee for budget requests and give a brief agency history. Additionally, provide the U.S. Secret Services proposed and actual budget authority and outlays for a recent year. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers history dates back to 1775 after George Washington appointed the first engineer. However, the agencys creation as a separate entity did not occur until 1802. Subsequently,†¦show more content†¦However, Congress originally empowered it to create and sustain family farms in the West as well as to provide economic assistance to a region where investment capital had dried up during the depression of the 1890s (Pisani, 2003, p. 391). Additionally, this bureaus budget request goes to the Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development. Furthermore, agency operations fall under water resources functional classification of the federal budget. U.S. Coast Guard On August 4, 1790, Congress commissioned the construction of ten vessels to collect tariffs, enforce trade laws, and prevent smuggling. While this informal act is the beginning of the U.S. Coast Guard, the formal recognition was on January 28, 1915 under the Act to Create the Coast Guard, which was Public Law 239 as part of the armed services. Since the U.S. Coast Guard creation, its purpose now includes drug interdiction, search, and rescue, living marine resources, defense readiness, law enforcement, marine environmental protection, ice operations, migrant interdiction, aids to navigation, ports, waterways, and coastal security. Additionally, the U.S. Coast Guard falls under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security during peacetime operations as an executive department. However, the U.S. Coast Guard falls under the Department of the Navy during war. This multi-purpose agencys genuine complexity of character is a source of some politicalShow MoreRelatedThe Hierarchy Of Structure And Agency888 Words   |  4 Pagesconstant debate about the primacy of structure or agency in forming human behavior in the social science. Carlsnaes (as cited in Hay, 1995) claimed that â€Å"the problem of structure and agency is †¦ the central problem of social and political theory†. Radically, the agency-structure problem is an ontological problem which is related to the nature of structures, agents and their correlations (Wight, 2003). There are four influential positions in the structure-agency debate: structuralism, intentionalismRead MoreStructure-Agency Debate: The Dirty Work of Democracy by by Antony Atlebe ker900 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay will be focusing on the structure-agency debate and the application of this debate to the sociological reading The Dirty Work of Democracy: a year on the streets with the SAPS (2005) by Antony Atlebeker. This easy will demonstrate how the structure-agency debate can help explain Captain Louis De Kosters attitudes towards police work and his actions. The argument I will be putting forward is in support of Anthony Giddens’ Structuration Theory (1984). I will prove this argument by referringRead MoreThe Role Of Regulatory Agencies And The Government Structure1893 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction II. Creation of government structure III. Role of regulatory agencies IV. Role of SEC in determining the behavior of the firm and its management V. 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It was heavily situated within the structure of language and the patternsRead More Structure and Agency Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesStructure and agency are two theoretical terms used to explain the capacity at which we as people are able to be individuals, and to what extent those influences limit our individuality. Structure refers to the ways in which a society is organized. Agency refers to the behaviors and actions of the individuals within the social structure. Agency is limited by the structure due to cultural barriers and inequalities within the structure. In this essay, I will present an overview of why critical theoristsRead MoreThe Structure and Agency Debate987 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The structure and agency debate is a common one in the field of sociology and different theorists come up with different ways of accounting for the actions of social actors. This essay takes the position that structuration solves the problem of this much contested debate. 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As a theoretical lens, translocational positionality stressRead MoreCapital Structure and Agency Theory2813 Words   |  12 Pagesdecisions, the optimization of capital structure has a great influence on the performance of the companies, for a reasonable capital structure can decrease the financing cost, take advantage of the financial leverage and play an important role in corporation governance. Given the importance of capital structure, this essay will firstly discuss the ways that capital structure affects corporation value, then it will introduce the influencing factors of capital structure and how to effectively manage it.Read MoreStreet Children17655 Words   |  71 Pagesdiscussions. Data Collection Techniques Data for the study was collected using a number of data collection techniques, which included: Questionnaire: - Set of questions designed to collect the views of the unit of analysis. The structure of the questionnaire was a mixed type, which included both close-ended and open-ended questions. In – depth Interview: - An interview held with: selected key informant from the unit of analysis and other agents who have a direct relationRead MoreRelationship Between Structure And Agency1823 Words   |  8 Pages The relationship between structure and agency is a key discussion point in sociology. The concept was brought to life by the sociologist Georg Simmel, but has been discussed by many other famous theorists, such as Emile Durkheim and Max Weber. The partnership between structure and agency are crucial to the development of society, and the process of individualization. Structure The Oxford Dictionary of Sociology Defines structure as â€Å"A term referring to any recurring pattern of social behaviour

Ap Us History Ch. 1 Notes Free Essays

A. P. U. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap Us History Ch. 1 Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. History Notes Chapter 1: â€Å"New World Beginnings† Summary: 225 million years ago, Earth was one supercontinent (Pangaea) and ocean. About 10 million years ago, the North America that we know today was formed (geographical shape). The first discoverers of North America were nomadic Asians who wandered over here by way of an exposed land bridge from Russia to Alaska during the Ice Age. Though they were hunters at first, by 5000 BC, they had become hunter-gatherers with a diet of basically corn. Great pre-European Indian cultures included the Pueblos, the Iroquois, the Mound Builders, the Mayans, the Incas, the Aztec, and the Sioux, among others (map of tribes on pg. 8). The Indians revered nature and land, and didn’t carelessly destroy it. Everything was put to use. In 1000 AD, Vikings discovered Newfoundland, but later abandoned it due to unfavorable conditions. Europeans, though, slowly began to proliferate into non-European worlds starting around the 1400s. After Marco Polo came back with stories of China and its riches, Europeans began to explore. First, they set up settlements in Africa, near the coast, where they used African slaves to work on plantations. In 1498, Vasco da Gama reached India, opening a sea route to the Far East. Complications and dangers of this eastern sea route influenced Christopher Columbus to sail west. In doing so, he inadvertently discovered the Americas, though he never knew it. The Portuguese were first to settle in America, but the Spanish later became the dominant nation in the Americas. Spanish Conquistadores swept through Latin and South America, destroying the Aztecs and the Incas. Meanwhile, Magellan’s crew sailed around the world in 1519, becoming the first voyage to do so. As the chapter ended, Spain was very much in control of much of the Americas, though other countries were beginning to challenge the Spanish dominance. Important People: The Aztecs- Native Americans who that lived in what is now Mexico and routinely offered their gods human sacrifices, these people were violent, yet built amazing pyramids and built a great civilization without having a wheel. The Mound Builders- Indians of the Ohio River Valley. The Mississippian settlement- At Cahokia, near present-day East St. Louis, Illionis, was home to about 40,000 people in at 1100 A. D. Hiawatha- This was legendary leader who inspired the Iroquois, a powerful group of Native Americans in the northeaster woodlands of the U. S. The Norse- These Vikings discovered America in about 1000 A. D. , when they discovered modern-day Newfoundland. They abandoned it later due to bad conditions. Marco Polo- Italian adventurer who supposedly sailed to the Far East (China) in 1295 and returned with stories and supplies of the Asian life there (silk, pearls, etc†¦) Bartholomeu Dias- A Portuguese sailor, he was the first to round the southernmost tip of Africa, a feat he did in 1488. Vasco da Gama- In 1498, he reached India and returned home with a small but tantalizing cargo of jewels and spices. Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile- The wedded king and queen of Spain, their marriage united the previously non-existing country. Christopher Columbus- An Italian seafarer who persuaded Spain to give him three ships for which to sail west to look for a better route to India, he â€Å"discovered† America in 1492 Vasco Nunez Balboa- Discoverer of the Pacific Ocean in 1513. Ferdinand Magellan- In 1519, his crew began a voyage and eventually ended up becoming the first to circumnavigate the world, even though he died in the Philippines. The sole surviving ship returned to Europe in 1522. Ponce de Leon- In 1513 and 1521, this Spanish Explorer explored Florida, searching for gold (contrary to the myth of his seeking the â€Å"Fountain of Youth†). Francisco Coronado- From 1540 to 1542, he explored the pueblos of Arizona and New Mexico, penetrating as far east as Kansas. He also discovered the Grand Canyon and enormous herds of bison. Hernando de Soto- From 1539 to 1542, he explored Florida and crossed the Mississippi River. He brutally abused Indians and died of fever and battle wounds. Francisco Pizarro- In 1532, he crushed the Incas of Peru and got lots of bounty. Bartolome de Las Casas- A Spanish missionary who was appalled by the method of encomienda, calling it â€Å"a moral pestilence invented by Satan. † Hernan Cortes- Annihilator of the Aztec in 1519. Malinche- A female Indian slave who knew Mayan and Nahuatl, the language of the Aztec. Montezuma- The leader of the Aztecs at the time of Cortes’ invasion who believed that Cortes was the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl. Giovanni Caboto- AKA John Cabot, he explored the northeastern coaster of North America in 1497-98. Giovanni da Verranzo- An Italian explorer dispatched by the French king in 1524 to probe the eastern seaboard of U. S. Don Juan de Onate- Leader of a Spanish group that traversed parts of Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas in 1598, he and his men proclaimed the province of New Mexico in 1609 and founded its capital, Santa Fe. Robert de La Salle- Sent by the French, he went on an expedition down the Mississippi in the 1680s. Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo- He explored the California coast in 1542 but failed to find anything of interest. Father Junipero Serra- The Spanish missionary who founded 21 missions in California, in 1769, he founded Mission San Diego, the first of the chain. Key Terms Words, etc†¦: maize- the Indian word for corn Conquistadores – the Spanish word for â€Å"conqueror,† these explorers claimed much of America for Spain, slaughtering millions of natives in the process encomienda- a euphemism for slavery in which Indians were given to colonists to be â€Å"Christianized. † Dia de la Raza- Spanish for Columbus Day. Lake Bonneville- massive prehistoric lake, all of which remains today in the form of the Great Salt Lake. Treaty of Tordesillas- treaty that settled Spanish and Portuguese differences in the Americas, Portugal got modern-day Brazil; Spain got the rest. Pope’s Rebellion- revolt in which Indians took over New Mexico and held control for nearly half a century. Places and Countries: Timbuktu- Capital of the West African kingdom of Mali, a place located in the Niger River Valley. Madeira, the Canaries, Sao Tome, Pricipe- Areas where sugar plantations were established by Portugal then Spain where African slaves were forced to work. Potosi- A rich silver mine in Bolivia that enriched Spain with lots of wealth. Timeline: |c. 33,000 – 8000 BC |First humans come to Americas from land bridge connecting Asia and Alaska. | |c. 5000 BC |Corn is developed as a stable crop in highland Mexico. | |c. 4000 BC |First civilized societies develop in the Middle East. | |c. 1200 BC |Corn planting reaches present-day American Southwest. | |c. 1000 AD |Norse voyagers discover and briefly settle in Newfoundland (Vinland). | | |Also, corn cultivation reaches Midwest and southeaster Atlantic seaboard. | |c. 100 AD |Height of Mississippian settlement at Cahokia | |c. 1100 – 1300 |Christian crusades arouse European interest in the East. | |1295 |Marco Polo returns to Europe from Asia. | |Late 1400s |Spain unites. | |1488 |Diaz rounds the southern tip of Africa. | |1492 |Columbus land in the Bahamas. | |1494 |Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal. | |1498 |da Gama reaches India. | |Cabot explores northeastern coast of North America for England. | |1513 |Balboa claims all lands touched by the Pacific Ocean for Spain. | |1513 1521 |Ponce de Leon explores Florida. | |1519 – 1521 |Cortes conquers Mexico for Spain, defeating the Aztecs. | |1522 |Magellan’s crew completes circumnavigation of the world. | |1524 |Verrazano explores eastern seaboard of Norh America for France. | |1532 |Pizarro crushes the Incas. |1534 |Cartier journeys up the St. Lawrence River. | |1539 – 1542 |de Soto explores the Southeast and discoveres the Mississippi River. | |1540 – 1542 |Coronado explores present-day Southwest | |1542 |Cabrillo explores California coast for Spain. | |1565 |Spanish build fortress at St. Augustine. | |Late 1500s |Iroquois Confederacy founded (according to Iroquois legend) | |c. 598 – 1609 |Spanish under Onate conquer Pueblo peoples of Rio Grande Valley. | |1609 |Spanish found New Mexico. | |1680 |Pope’s rebellion of New Mexico. | |1680s |French expedition down Mississippi River under La Salle | |1769 |Father Junipero Serra fou nds Mission San Diego, in California. | Makers of America: – Conquistadores included Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, who conquered the Aztecs and the Incas respectively. Within half a century of Columbus’ â€Å"discovery† of America, they had claimed, for Spain, territory that stretched form Colorado to Argentina. – They spread from Cuba through Mexico and from Panama, south through Peru. – As the Spanish crown tightened its grip on its colonies, though, the conquistadors lost more and more power. – Most of them never achieved their dreams of glory, though a few received royal titles. – Many of them married Indian women, creating a new class of people called mestizos. – The mestizos formed a bridge between Latin America’s Indian and European races. How to cite Ap Us History Ch. 1 Notes, Papers

Organizational Influencing Performance †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: Are There Ethical Risks Affecting Organizational Performance? What Are Challenges Facing Management Of Ethical Risks In Organizations? Which Are The Suitable Mitigation Measures Of Ethical Risks In Organizations? Answers: Introducation The topic covers broadly aspects of organizational culture, employee behavior, and ethical leadership. Research objectives The broad topic will be guided by the following specific objectives: To assess ethical risks affecting organizational performance To find out challenges facing management of ethical risks in organizations To establish suitable mitigation measures of ethical risks in organizations Justification of the topic Business, moral and professional ethics are important part of existence of any Financial (Ferrell, O. Fraedrich, J. 2015, 34). Ethical risks originate from employee personalitys behavior and weak organizations cultures. Ethical risks represent organization vulnerability to wrongdoings, malpractice and bad behaviors (Pratt, M. Michaelson, C. Grant, A. Dunn, C. 2014, 79). Organizations with weak cultures face severely consequences of ethical risks that directly affect performance. Examples of ethical risks include safety violations, sexual harassments, abusive behavior, discriminations, improper hiring practices, and putting own interests a head of organizations (Wang, Y. Hsieh, H. 2013, 785). A survey in United States major retails stores in Atlanta states in 2015 showed that a new dilemma facing managers is on ethical risks which have contributed negatively to organization performance (Ruiz-Palomino, P. Fontrodona, J. Martnez-Caas, R. 2013, 103). The study is important because it can help managers and those in leadership to identify ethical risks facing them and seek for suitable mitigating measures. The researcher is interested with the topic because it covers a wider scope of project management issues which include: ethical employee behavior, work diversity management, ethical leadership, and organization culture. Methodology The study will review secondary literature related to the study objectives variables. The review will define theoretical and empirical data to the study (Ruiz-Palomino, P. Martnez-Caas, R. 2014, 105). The sources of secondary data will be from books, peer reviewed journals, reports, and approved websites. The research will employ a mixed methods approach which utilizes both quantitative and qualitative research suitable to find comprehensive answers to research questions (Trevio, L. Kish-Gephart, J. den Nieuwenboer, N. 2014, 634). Survey method in form of structured interviews will be used. The interviews will be structured to answer the research questions. The study will target top managers/CEO/directors of large retail shops in town. The managers will be sampled purposively and interviewed. The study will be guided by a research and data analysts expert. Data collected will be arranged in Jig jaw puzzle technique and analyzed qualitatively. Finally a report will be written to present findings, conclusion and recommendations. Reference lists Ferrell, O. and Frederick, J., 2015. Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education Michaelson, C., Pratt, M., Grant, A. and Dunn, C.P., 2014. Meaningful work: Connecting business ethics and organization studies.Journal of Business Ethics,121(1), pp.77-90. Ruiz, P., Martinez-C, R. and Fontrodona, J., 2013. Ethical culture and employee outcomes: The mediating role of person-organization fit.Journal of Business Ethics,116(1), pp.173-188. Ruiz, P. and Martinez, R., 2014. Ethical culture, ethical intent, and organizational citizenship behavior: The moderating and mediating role of personorganization fit.Journal of Business Ethics,120(1), pp.95-108 Trevino, L, den Nieuwenboer, N. and Kish-Gephardt, J., 2014. (Un) Research on ethical behavior in organizations.Annual Review of Psychology,65, pp.635-660 Wang, Y. and Hsieh, H, 2013. Organizational ethical climate, perceived organizational support, and employee silence: A cross-level investigation.Human Relations,66 (6), pp.783-802